Freestyle why

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Why don't I seem to get a very good range? Why does my handset screen continually display 'Searching', 'Base' or 'Range out'? Statistical analyses were run using SPSS version The most common biomechanical errors were a dropped elbow during the pull-through phase The errors of eyes-forward head-carrying angle and incorrect hand position during hand entry occurred in Finally, we found low percentages of swimmers display an incorrect hand entry angle All other associations were not statistically significant.

Stroke errors are potential risk factors for shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. The biomechanical errors of a dropped elbow during the pull-through phase and a dropped elbow during the recovery phase were most prevalent. Dropping the elbow during the pull-through phase places the propulsive muscles of the shoulder at a mechanical disadvantage by placing the shoulder in a more externally rotated position.

During the above-water recovery phase, the elbow should be kept higher than the wrist and should avoid a dropped position. An elbow that enters prior to the hand causes the water to exert an upward force on the dropped humerus, leading to superior translation of the humeral head and subacromial impingement. The results indicate a relationship between dropped elbow during the recovery phase and a thumb-first hand entry angle as well as between a dropped elbow during recovery and an incorrect hand entry position.

These findings suggest that a dropped elbow may lead to an improper entry position with the elbow entering before the hand. The mechanics of these swimmers may be a result of instruction provided by their youth swimming coaches or a stroke technique developed throughout their careers.

These findings highlight the importance of proper instruction on stroke technique in youth swimming. The swimming motion is complex, and faulty mechanics may develop because of poor coaching, poor understanding by the swimmer, shoulder pain, or performance factors. During video grading, the swimming coach evaluators identified a discrepancy between the provided criteria and a poor freestyle stroke technique.

This curvilinear motion mimics the faulty S-shaped pull-through pattern, which can give rise to increased time in the impingement position. It forces the shoulder to maintain increased muscle recruitment and higher loads over a longer period. There are limitations to this research. First, the participants were all members of the same collegiate team, which may affect the generalizability.

Although all subjects were members of the same collegiate team, they had trained across the country and came from a variety of training clubs.

In addition, our sample was limited to the number of healthy subjects currently on the team. Thus, some of the associations were nonsignificant because of the smaller sample size. Finally, each shoulder of the swimmer was treated as independent, with stroke evaluation and pain scores evaluated on the right and the left shoulder independently for the analysis. Paired shoulders were treated independently to understand how stroke biomechanics relate to the development of pain on the ipsilateral shoulder.

It is crucial that both coaches and medical professionals recognize faulty biomechanics in swimming freestyle. Biomechanical errors are associated with one another in the freestyle stroke cycle. A stroke technique evaluation can identify potentially injurious biomechanics. The following author declared potential conflicts of interest: Darin A. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Sports Health v. Sports Health. Elizabeth E. Darin A.

Joseph B. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background: Poor freestyle stroke biomechanics is a suggested risk factor for shoulder pain and pathology, but this has not been proven in biomechanical or clinical studies. Hypothesis: The majority of swimmers will present with at least 1 freestyle stroke error. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4.

Results: A dropped elbow during the pull-through phase Conclusion: Biomechanical errors potentially detrimental to the shoulder are prevalent among swimmers.

Clinical Relevance: These errors highlight the need for proper stroke instruction and evaluation to decrease the risk of shoulder injury in competitive swimmers. Keywords: swimming, biomechanics, shoulder injury, injury prevention. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Table 1. Freestyle biomechanical parameters. Recovery Elbow kept higher than the wrist throughout the recovery phase. The water will cause an upward force on the dropped humerus, leading to its superior translation and subacromial impingement in the shoulder.

A lack of roll during recovery can increase mechanical stress on the shoulder and lead to improper hand entry position. Imagine line through center of head and extending length of the spine.

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